1. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.
词汇：forgiveness n. 宽容
句型结构：
A. 主干：Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course
翻译：成绩宽容允许学生重修他们得分较低的课程。
B.修饰成分：
①in which they received a low grade，此句是由in which引导的定语从句;
翻译：他们获得了低分。
②that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA，此句是由that引导的定语从句。
翻译：计算学生总平均绩点的唯一依据。
C.组合整句：成绩宽容允许学生重修他们获得了低分的课程，而最新成绩或者最高成绩是计算学生总平均绩点的唯一依据。
2. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.
句型结构：
A. 主干：it was usually limited to freshmen
翻译：通常仅限于大一新生
B. 修饰成分:
①When this practice first started decades ago，
翻译：几十年前这种做法刚兴起时
②if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses，此句是由if引导条件状语从句
翻译：如果他们在向大学课程过渡的过程中遇到困难
C. 组成整句：几十年前这种做法刚兴起时，通常仅限于大一新生，如果他们在向大学课程过渡的过程中遇到困难，他们可以有第二次上课的机会。
3.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.
词汇：tuition n. 学费
句型结构：
A. 主干：And anything will likely make students feel
翻译：以及任何举措都可能会让学生党觉得
B. 修饰成分:
①that raises GPAs ，that引导的定语从句修饰anything;
翻译：提高平均绩点的。
②who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill，who 引导的定语从句修饰students;
翻译：那些最后要付账的
③they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars，省略that 的宾语从句;
他们的学费花得有价值
④which is another big concern for colleges;which引导的定语从句修饰前面一整句话;
这是大学的另一个重要问题。
C. 组成整句：任何提高平均绩点的举措，都可能会让那些最终要付账的学生党觉得，他们的学费花得有价值，这是大学的另一个重要问题。
