Tokyo was named the world's safest city on Thursday by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in anindex ranking cities' ability to handle everything from climate disasters to cyber attacks.
Singapore took second place after Japan's capital while another Japanese metropolis, Osaka, came third - the same top three as the two previous Safe Cities Indexes of 2015 and 2017.
This year the index of 60 cities aimed to capture the concept of "urban resilience", which isthe ability of cities to absorb and bounce back from shocks, researchers said.
This concept has increasingly steered urban safety planning during the last decade, aspolicymakers worry about the impacts of climate change, including heat stress and flooding.
The index assessed four types of safety: digital, infrastructure, health and personal security.
该指数评估了四类安全:数字安全、基础设施安全、医疗保健和个人安全。
Asia-Pacific dominated the top 10, as in previous years, with six cities, including Australia'sSydney in fifth place, South Korea's Seoul in eighth and Australia's Melbourne in 10th.
Two European and two North American cities made it into the top 10, with the Dutch capitalAmsterdam in fourth place while Denmark's Copenhagen came eighth. Canada's Toronto camesixth, and the US capital, Washington D.C., seventh.
The safest cities scored highly on access to high-quality healthcare, dedicated cyber-securityteams, community-based police patrols and good disaster planning, researchers said.
"The research highlights how different types of safety are thoroughly intertwined," said NakaKondo, the report's Tokyo-based editor.
该报告驻东京编辑绀户中说:“这项研究凸显了不同类型的安全问题是如何完全交织在一起的。”
While European cities performed well in the area of health, they struggled with digital security, in terms of citizens' ability to freely use the internet and other digital channels without fear ofprivacy violations or identity theft.
Top-ranking cities for digital security scored high on citizen awareness of digital threats anddedicated cyber-security teams, leading to low levels of infection by computer viruses andmalware.
"London is the only European city in the top 10 in this category," said Irene Mia, globaleditorial director of the Economist Intelligence Unit.
经济学人智库全球编辑主任艾琳·米娅说:“伦敦是一个跻身前十的欧洲城市。”
Nigeria's Lagos, Venezuela's Caracas, Myanmar's Yangon, Pakistan's Karachi and Bangladesh'sDhaka were the world's five least safe cities, according to the index.